Citation Hub for STEM Students

Complete guides for every major citation style used in STEM disciplines. From IEEE for engineering to APA for sciences. Learn the format, see examples, cite correctly.

STEM-Primary Styles
The citation styles most used in technical fields
IEEE is the standard for engineering and CS. APA dominates psychology and social sciences. Vancouver for life sciences. Choose your discipline below.
📡
Engineering & CS
IEEE
The standard for electrical engineering, computer science, and most technical fields. Numbered references in square brackets.
📚
Psychology & Sciences
APA 7th Edition
Author-date system. Standard in psychology, social sciences, and increasingly in STEM research papers.
🔬
Life Sciences & Medicine
Vancouver
Numbered citation system used in biology, medicine, and health sciences. Sequential superscript numbers.
⚕️
Medical & Health
AMA
American Medical Association style. Used for medical research papers, case studies, and clinical reports.
🎓
General / Sciences
Harvard
Author-date system popular in UK universities across sciences, engineering, and social sciences.
📖
Humanities
MLA 9th Edition
Used primarily in humanities. Some interdisciplinary STEM-adjacent fields use MLA for non-technical writing components.
🏛️
History & Social Sciences
Chicago
Notes-bibliography system. Used in history, philosophy, and social science research papers.
📝
Academic Papers
Turabian
A simplified version of Chicago, widely used in undergraduate papers across disciplines.
More Styles
Additional citation guides
🔤
APA
APA In-Text Citations
How to cite within the body of your STEM paper using APA author-date format.
⚖️
Law
OSCOLA
Oxford University Standard for Citation of Legal Authorities. For law and legal technology papers.
📜
Humanities
MHRA
Modern Humanities Research Association style. Footnote-based referencing for humanities papers.
🌐
How-To
How to Cite a Website
Citing online sources across IEEE, APA, Harvard, MLA, Chicago and more.
📄
How-To
How to Cite a Journal Article
Journal citations in all major styles. The most common citation type in STEM research.
📕
How-To
How to Cite a Book
Book citations across IEEE, APA, Harvard, MLA, Chicago and Vancouver.
🏆
How-To
How to Cite a Dissertation
Citing theses and dissertations from ProQuest, institutional repositories, and direct sources.
🛡️
Essential
How to Avoid Plagiarism
Paraphrasing, quoting, and citing correctly. Critical for all STEM assignments.

Need help with citations on your STEM assignment?

Our experts cite every source correctly in the style your institution requires.

Get STEM Help →