Citation Hub for STEM Students

Complete guides for every major citation style used in STEM disciplines — from IEEE for engineering to APA for sciences. Learn the format, see examples, cite correctly.

STEM-Primary Styles

The citation styles most used in technical fields

IEEE is the standard for engineering and CS. APA dominates psychology and social sciences. Vancouver for life sciences. Choose your discipline below.

Engineering & CS

The standard for electrical engineering, computer science, and most technical fields. Numbered references in square brackets.

Psychology & Sciences

APA 7th Edition

Author-date system. Standard in psychology, social sciences, and increasingly in STEM research papers.

Life Sciences & Medicine

Numbered citation system used in biology, medicine, and health sciences. Sequential superscript numbers.

Medical & Health

American Medical Association style. Used for medical research papers, case studies, and clinical reports.

General / Sciences

Author-date system popular in UK universities across sciences, engineering, and social sciences.

MLA 9th Edition

Used primarily in humanities. Some interdisciplinary STEM-adjacent fields use MLA for non-technical writing components.

History & Social Sciences

Notes-bibliography system. Used in history, philosophy, and social science research papers.

Academic Papers

A simplified version of Chicago, widely used in undergraduate papers across disciplines.

More Styles

Additional citation guides

APA In-Text Citations

How to cite within the body of your STEM paper using APA author-date format.

Oxford University Standard for Citation of Legal Authorities. For law and legal technology papers.

Modern Humanities Research Association style. Footnote-based referencing for humanities papers.

How to Cite a Website

Citing online sources across IEEE, APA, Harvard, MLA, Chicago and more.

How to Cite a Journal Article

Journal citations in all major styles — the most common citation type in STEM research.

How to Cite a Book

Book citations across IEEE, APA, Harvard, MLA, Chicago and Vancouver.

How to Cite a Dissertation

Citing theses and dissertations from ProQuest, institutional repositories, and direct sources.

How to Avoid Plagiarism

Paraphrasing, quoting, and citing correctly. Critical for all STEM assignments.

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